Publikationen

Veröffentlichungen der Arbeitsgruppe um Prof. Dr. Andrea Balducci seit Beginn der Tätigkeit an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

Google Scholar Profil Andrea BalducciExterner Link

105 Publikationen filtern

Die Publikationen filtern

Hervorgehobene Autoren sind Mitglieder der Forschungsgruppe.

  1. Monitoring gas evolution during ageing of industrial supercapacitors studied by in situ GC-MS

    Autoren M. Raidal, R. Kost, T. Makaryan, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Energy Storage Materials
    Understanding gas evolution during the ageing of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) is critical for improving long-term performance and safety. However, direct gas analysis in industrial-scale cells has been hindered by their sealed design, complex internal structure, and small gas volumes, limiting broad-component analysis. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel in situ gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method capable of analysing gas evolution in intact, industrial-format supercapacitor cells under realistic ageing conditions. A custom stainless-steel jig with a detachable gas extraction piece was designed to enable controlled, on-demand sampling from cylindrical EDLCs undergoing an accelerated floating ageing protocol at 3.0 V and 65°C. The system was evaluated for mechanical stability and non-intrusiveness through electrochemical performance metrics and internal pressure monitoring, while extracted gases were analysed qualitatively by GC–MS. The integrated sampling apparatus maintained normal ageing behaviour, with capacitance fading, coulombic efficiency, and logarithmic pressure growth comparable to unmodified cells. The developed in situ GC–MS technique bridges the gap between model-cell studies and real supercapacitor devices, enabling direct correlation of molecular-level gas formation with macroscopic ageing behaviour. This reliable approach provides a versatile platform for investigating alternative electrolytes, electrode materials, and ageing conditions, paving the way for deeper mechanistic understanding of supercapacitor degradation.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00029991Externer Link

  2. Blends of Protic Ionic Liquid and Water as Electrolyte for Ultrastable Ti3C2Tx MXene-Based Asymmetric Supercapacitors

    Autoren I. Patil, X. Guo, K. Prenger, T. Burton, A. Ladam, S. Fantini, V. Nicolosi, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Batteries and supercaps
    This study introduces trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate (N ₁₁₁H TFO) as a promising salt for formulating aqueous protic ionic liquid (PIL) electrolytes in electrochemical supercapacitors. The temperature dynamic transport behavior of this electrolytic solution reveals high ionic conductivity and efficient ion dissociation, underscoring their suitability as environmentally benign electrolytes. When employed in an asymmetric supercapacitor featuring Ti ₃ C ₂ T ₓ MXene and activated carbon (AC) as an active material in negative and positive electrodes respectively, the device delivers a specific capacitance of ~22 F g −¹ . The capacitance retention exceeding 93% after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles demonstrates excellent electrochemical reversibility and interfacial stability. Importantly, the device exhibits exceptional long-term floating stability, maintaining over 90% of its initial capacitance after 2500 h of continuous voltage stress. Postmortem transmission electron microscopy studies confirm the preservation of electrode morphology and structure, validating the robustness of the charge storage process. This work highlights the potential of PILs as safe, stable, and efficient electrolytes for next-generation Ti ₃ C ₂ T ₓ MXene-based supercapacitors.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00037064Externer Link

  3. Rational Formulation of Ether-Lactone Electrolytes for Safe and Sustainable Ni-Rich Lithium-Ion Batteries

    Autoren J. Gómez-Urbano, M. Binder, E. Dwiputra, T. Diemant, D. Bresser, A. Pierini, A. Cioffi, E. Bodo, S. Brutti, M. Koželj, T. Gouveia, E. Bremond, A. Ladam, S. Fantini, S. Sananes-Israel, I. Landa-Medrano, I. de Meatza, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Angewandte Chemie: international edition
    This study reports the formulation of innovative electrolytes designed to improve safety, sustainability, and compatibility with LiNi0.92Mn0.04Co0.04O2 (NMC92) cathodes. The use of bio-based solvents (γ-valerolactone, GVL) and safe, stable, innovative co-solvents (diethylene glycol butyl ethyl ether, DEGBEE) is investigated in combination with imide- and borate-based salts, demonstrating reduced flammability and enhanced transport properties. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal their advantageous solvation characteristics, highlighting increased lithium-ion mobility in GVL-based electrolytes due to diminished ionic clustering. Overall, the investigated electrolytes exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance with NMC92 cathodes in a half-cell configuration, retaining above 80% of their initial capacity after 300 galvanostatic cycles at 1 C and an enhanced rate capability. This behavior is attributed to the inorganic nature of the resulting cathode-electrolyte interphase, as confirmed by ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Finally, the suitability of this novel formulation for real-scale application is evaluated at the pouch-cell level, demonstrating similar performance to benchmark formulations while enhancing overall device safety and sustainability.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00035945Externer Link

  4. Sulfone-Based Low Fluorine Electrolytes for High-Voltage Cobalt-Free Cathodes

    Autoren M. Klein, T. König, D. Pahari, M. Bianchini, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Advanced energy & sustainability research
    Replacing commercial cathode active materials with lithium nickel manganese oxide (LNMO, spinel) has the potential to increase the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. However, to successfully utilize this material, an alternative to conventional EC-based electrolytes needs to be found, as this solvent is unstable at potentials above 4.7 V vs. Li⁺ /Li. In this context, a novel electrolyte formulation consisting of lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (LiDFOB) and ethyl isopropyl sulfone (EiPS) is examined. The LiDFOB salt is investigated at various concentrations and demonstrates a good solubility in the EiPS solvent as well as the ability to passivate the aluminum current collector at high potentials. Additionally, EiPS exhibits a high dielectric constant and outstanding thermal and electrochemical stability. In combination with LNMO electrodes, the 1 M LiDFOB in EiPS electrolyte shows the best performance stability among all tested electrolytes with an average 82 mAh g−¹ and a discharge capacity retention of 89%, after 100 cycles at 0.33 C. A subsequent ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals a thinner cathode-electrolyte interface forming during cycling when using EiPS-based electrolytes compared to a benchmark formulation, as well as a lower LiF content, indicating lower impedance of the CEI.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00035766Externer Link

  5. Perspectives on the performance metrics of metal-ion capacitors at laboratory scale

    Autoren A. Hainthaler, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Energy Advances
    Ensuring common metrics is essential for the comparison of different energy storage devices. While considerable work has been done to standardize the testing and evaluation of battery and electrochemical capacitor systems, their hybrid – metal-ion capacitors (MICs) – has been less explored. This perspective therefore identifies the most important performance metrics for MICs based on the accuracy of the metric determination as well as industrial and use-case relevancy.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00044345Externer Link

  6. Protic and aprotic bis(oxalato)borate based ionic liquids as electrolytes for electrical double layer capacitors

    Autoren Z. Zheng, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences
    In this study, we report about the synthesis of two fluorine-free ionic liquids (ILs), the protic 1-methylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate (1-MimBOB) and the aprotic 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium bis(oxalato)borate (BDMimBOB) and about their use as electrolytes for electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). We showed that the electrolytes 1.5 M 1-MimBOB in water and 1.5 M BDMimBOB in acetonitrile exhibited good solubility, high ionic conductivity and high thermal stability. EDLC containing protic IL can operate at 1.2 V, while those containing the organic electrolyte can operate at 2.9 V. EDLCs containing these electrolytes display ideal capacitive behaviour, excellent rate capability and promising capacitance retention after 200 hours of floating at their maximum operating voltage. The devices also achieved energy densities up to 23.3 Wh kg⁻¹, highlighting BOB-based ILs as sustainable, fluorine-free electrolytes for next-generation high-performance EDLCs. This article is part of the theme issue 'Electrolytes within the domain of electrochemistry and electrochemical energy storage'.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00044294Externer Link

  7. Method Development for Multidimensional Study of Thermal Aging in Ethyl Isopropyl Sulfone–Electrolyte Supercapacitors

    Autoren R. Kost, D. Leistenschneider, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Batteries and supercaps
    Understanding electrolyte degradation in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) is essential for advancing high-temperature energy storage technologies. In this study, we present a comprehensive methodology to investigate temperature-induced electrolyte aging by correlating electrochemical behavior with molecular (bulk electrolyte) and interfacial (material surfaces) degradation processes. A custom-built Swagelok-type postmortem cell equipped with a quasi-reference silver wire enables simultaneous monitoring of the individual electrode potentials during operation and postaging access to both the liquid electrolyte and electrode surfaces. This integrated design allows for direct linkage between electrochemical response, liquid-phase degradation (via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), and surface chemistry (via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The methodology is validated across a matrix of electrolytes composed of the 1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (Pyr ₁₁ BF ₄ ) salt in either acetonitrile (ACN), the alternative solvent ethyl isopropyl sulfone (EiPS), and an ACN:EiPS 75:25, wt% mixture. All systems were subjected to accelerated aging through 24 h voltage float tests at 3.0 V and three temperatures (20°C, 40°C, and 65°C). By selecting PYR ₁₁ BF ₄ —known for its high electrochemical and thermal stability—the degradation pathways observed can be primarily attributed to solvent effects. This work highlights the critical link between solvent decomposition and electrochemical aging, demonstrating how multidimensional postmortem analysis can guide the development of high-voltage, temperature-stable EDLCs.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00029974Externer Link

  8. Improving Electrolyte Sustainability for Sodium-Ion Capacitors by Combining a Bio-Based Solvent With a Low-Fluorine Salt

    Autoren A. Hainthaler, M. Pinzón, M. Arnaiz, R. Cid, Y. Lu, J. Ajuria, A. Balducci ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:ChemSusChem :: chemistry & sustainability, energy & materials
    This work focuses on improving the sustainability of electrolytes for sodium-ion capacitors (SICs). Through the combination of a low-fluorinated salt, namely sodium difluoro(oxalato)borate (NaDFOB), and the bio-based solvent γ-Valerolactone (GVL), a new electrolyte formulation (1 mol L −¹ NaDFOB in GVL) is being studied for application in SICs. Remarkably, the performance of the SIC full-cells is very comparable to the most commonly used formulation of sodium hexafluorophosphate in ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate (1 mol L −¹ NaPF ₆ in EC:PC). Furthermore, presodiation strategies were compared for the novel electrolyte system. The in situ oxidation of a sacrificial salt (sodium squarate, Na ₂ C ₄ O ₄ ) incorporated into the positive electrode yielded comparable results to the ex situ electrochemical approach. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies revealed that depending on the presodiation strategy, the solid-electrolyte-interphase composition varies significantly.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00030750Externer Link

  9. Valorisation of bourbon distillery waste into single-source hybrid lithium-ion capacitors

    Autoren J. Cossio, J. Gómez-Urbano, S. Darlami-Magar, R. Andrews, I. Martin-Gullon, A. Balducci, M. Guzman ErscheinungsjahrErschienen in:Materials Advances
    Bourbon, an iconic American whiskey, is primarily produced in Kentucky, which accounts for 95% of the world's supply. Between 2000 and 2024, bourbon output in Kentucky increased sixfold, creating significant sustainability challenges, particularly the disposal of spent grains (stillage), a high-volume byproduct generated at 6–10 times the volume of bourbon produced. This study presents a scalable strategy to upcycle bourbon stillage into high-performance carbon materials for energy storage applications. The process involves different thermal and chemical treatments to obtain both activated and hard carbons. The resulting activated carbons assembled into symmetric electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) deliver outstanding electrochemical performance: 96 ± 2% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles, with energy densities of 23.8–1.9 Wh kg −¹ and power densities of 0.27–9.2 kW kg −¹ . Single-source hybrid lithium-ion capacitors (LiCs) assembled with bourbon whiskey-derived hard carbon and activated carbon achieve superior performance, with energy densities of 135–48 Wh kg −¹ at power densities of 0.215–22 kW kg −¹ . LiCs also exhibit good galvanostatic retention at 3 A g −¹ , losing only 17 ± 3% of capacitance and capacity after 5000 charge/discharge cycles and an additional 14 ± 2% after 10 000 cycles. These findings highlight an eco-friendly, circular approach to valorising distillery waste into advanced energy-storage materials, with broad applicability across the spirits and ethanol production sectors.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00036118Externer Link

  10. Biomass derived carbon material design and investigation of electrolyte for dual carbon electrochemical energy storage devices

    Autor S. Darlami Magar Erscheinungsjahr
    This thesis presents an investigation of three different types of dual carbon-based electrochemical devices that are promising as sustainable alternative or companion to LIBs. For large-scale, energy-dense applications, high-voltage dual-ion battery system is discussed, and for high-power applications where bursts of energy are required to be stored and released in a short amount of time, supercapacitors and lithium-ion capacitors are considered. Importantly, this thesis will explore the synthesis and processing steps involved in the fabrication of biomass-derived dual carbon devices. The derived carbon electrodes are then assembled into lab-scale symmetric and asymmetric cell setups for evaluating their charge storage capabilities. The last chapter will have a special focus towards the investigation of protic Ionic liquids-based electrolyte for dual-ion batteries.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00036796Externer Link

  11. Development of novel methodologies for investigating aging processes in electrical double-layer capacitors

    Autor R. Kost Erscheinungsjahr
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00044180Externer Link

  12. Development of advanced ionic liquid-based electrolytes for energy storage devices

    Autor Z. Zheng Erscheinungsjahr
    Growing demand for sustainable energy storage requires safe, environmentally friendly, and high-performance electrolytes. This dissertation investigates fluorine-free ionic liquids (ILs) based on acetate and bis(oxalato)borate (BOB) anions as electrolytes for electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion capacitors (LICs). Protic and aprotic acetate-based ILs were systematically compared in terms of physicochemical properties, electrochemical stability, and device performance. Their behavior was strongly influenced by cation structure, proton transfer, viscosity, water content, and temperature. The protic acetate system showed particularly promising long-term stability in EDLCs. The addition of LiOAc to 1-methylimidazolium acetate enabled its application as an electrolyte in an LFP/activated-carbon LIC, demonstrating the potential of acetate-based ILs beyond conventional EDLCs. In addition, two fluorine-free BOB-based ILs, 1-MimBOB and BDMimBOB, were investigated in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. Both showed favorable ion-transport properties, while the BDMimBOB/acetonitrile system provided a wider electrochemical stability window and higher operating voltage. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential of fluorine-free IL-based electrolytes for more sustainable electrochemical energy-storage devices and highlights the importance of balancing ionic transport, electrochemical stability, and electrode-electrolyte interfacial behavior.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00044570Externer Link
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