Collecting cores in the field – the start of every publication!

Publikationen

unserer Arbeitsgruppe
Collecting cores in the field – the start of every publication!
Foto: Roland Zech

35 Publikationen filtern

Die Publikationen filtern

Hervorgehobene Autoren sind Mitglieder der Forschungsgruppe.

  1. Unprecedented Burning in Tropical Peatlands During the 20th Century Compared to the Previous Two Millennia

    Autoren
    Y. Wang, T. Feldpausch, G. Swindles, P. Moss, H. McGowan, T. Sim, P. Morris, A. Benfield, C. Courtney-Mustaphi, D. Wahl, E. Montoya, E. Githumbi, E. Honorio Coronado, F. Augustijns, G. Verstraeten, J. Jess O' Donnell, J. Tibby, J. Benavides, K. Hapsari, K. Schittek, K. Ramdzan, K. Bao, L. Cole, L. Anderson, M. Gałka, O. Akpo, P. Strobel, P. Bala, R. Dommain, R. Marchant, R. Sukumar, S. Chawchai, S. Kavil, S. Mooney, T. Kelly, Y. Gao, A. Voulgarakis, A. Boom, C. Burton, J. Berrio, K. Ribeiro, L. Anderson, M. Hardiman, M. Spater, S. Page, A. Gallego-Sala
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Global Change Biology
    Tropical peatland wildfire incidence has risen in recent decades, driven by drainage for land use and intensified by severe droughts with global climate change. These disturbances have altered vegetation structure, disrupted ecosystem functioning, and increased carbon emissions, particularly in Southeast Asia. However, the long-term history and characteristics of wildfires in tropical peatlands remain largely unknown. Here, we compiled fifty-eight macro-charcoal records from peatlands across the tropics, ranging from lowland forested to montane peatlands, to assess millennia-scale changes and controlling factors of tropical peatland burning. We divided the datasets into four main sub-regions: Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indomalayan and Australasian ecoregions to explore regional variability. Tropical peatlands had high burning levels between 0 and 850 ce, followed by a relatively low and stable period until a marked increase during the 20th century. The general trend in tropical peatland burning follows changes in global temperature, and climate variables that control the length and severity of drought events have a notable influence on peat burning before 1900 ce. During the 20th century, regional differences were observed, with declining fire trends in the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions and increasing fire trends in the Indomalayan and Australasian regions. This difference is likely attributable to human activities, and such intervention is also evident in palm swamps and hardwood swamps under similar wet, weakly seasonal climates. With the increase in anthropogenic pressures on peatlands and greater climate variability, future wildfires in peatlands are likely to become more frequent and widespread across all tropical ecoregions. Conservation and sustainable land-use practices could be used to mitigate and control peatland burning and protect these carbon-rich sinks.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00035085Externer Link

  2. The Holocene formation of inland sand dunes in the North of Schleswig-Holstein (Northern Germany) and its palaeoenvironmental significance

    Autoren
    C. Stolz, R. Lehmann, A. Fülling, J. Meister, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    The Holocene : an interdisciplinary journal focusing on recent environmental change
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00036399Externer Link

  3. Beryllium-10-derived denudation rates in the Roda Catchment, Germany

    Autoren
    L. Zhang, Y. Li, O. Marchhart, S. Merchel, A. Wieser, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Quaternary Science Journal: an open-access journal by the German Quarternary Association
    Denudation is a key geomorphological process shaping landscapes. In-situ-produced cosmogenic ¹⁰ Be has been used to quantify millennial denudation rates worldwide. Long-term denudation rates in the European lowlands can provide valuable insights into the roles of periglacial processes and human activity in landscape evolution. Here, we quantify local and catchment-wide denudation rates in the Roda Catchment in Thuringia, central Germany. Specifically, we constrain 17 catchment-wide denudation rates based on ¹⁰ Be concentrations in river sediments and 5 local denudation rates based on ¹⁰ Be concentrations from soil samples on the flat catchment divides. Catchment-wide denudation rates vary between 23.8 ± 5.4 and 79 ± 18 mm kyr −¹ , and local denudation rates range from 23.4 ± 5.6 to 41.9 ± 9.8 mm kyr −¹ . These catchment-wide denudation rates are consistent with published European data, which are generally higher than those reported from other regions worldwide. This difference can be attributed to periglacial dynamics during the last glacial period. The ¹⁰ Be-derived long-term denudation rates in Europe are generally higher than recent, short-term erosion rates, despite vast human activities and intensive land use in recent decades. This could be due to past periglacial activity; large-scale forest clearance during the Roman and Medieval times; and the limitations of short-term measurements in capturing low-frequency, high-magnitude events. The observed differences between catchment-wide and local denudation rates suggest that denudation has led to changes in topographic relief in the Roda Catchment at a mean rate of 0–28 mm kyr −¹ over the past 10 ka.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00034340Externer Link

  4. Warm and wet, cool and dry?: molecular paleohydrology based on biomarker δD and δ18O across Central Europe since the Late Glacial

    Autor
    M. Prochnow
    Erscheinungsjahr
    A warmer climate is often described as a wetter climate, as warmer air can hold more moisture, leading to increased precipitation. However, the simple notion of “warm and wet” or “cool and dry” can be misleading, as seasonal changes in precipitation and evaporation are important for ecosystems. In Central Europe, summer droughts are becoming more severe, while heavy precipitation events are increasing simultaneously. This seasonal interplay of hydrological processes strongly affects ecosystems worldwide, and understanding them is essential for assessing future climate change. This thesis applies molecular paleohydrology to investigate the relationship between temperature and hydroclimate using four lake sediment records from Central Europe. Two records cover the Late Glacial–Early Holocene transition (16 until 11 cal. ka BP; Bergsee, Bichlersee), and two span the Mid to Late Holocene (last 7000 years; Moossee, Schliersee). Molecular paleohydrology is applied using compound-specific stable isotope analyses (δ18O and δD) of aquatic and terrestrial hemicellulose sugars and n-alkanes, enabling the application of the dual biomarker and coupled isotope approach to reconstruct past evapo(transpi)ration. The synthesis of all four biomarker records shows that wetter or drier conditions primarily depend on seasonality and hydrological settings. As the biomarker proxies are summer-sensitive, the results indicate that warmer periods were characterized by drier summers and enhanced evapo(transpi)ration in Central Europe. This contrasts with the common assumption that warmer climates are generally more humid. For future climate change, these proxy-based findings suggest more severe summer droughts, alongside an increased risk of extreme precipitation events such as localized convective rainfall and flooding. Molecular paleohydrology using biomarkers and compound-specific δ18O and δD analyses thus provides powerful tools to explore such relationships in detail.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00030192Externer Link

  5. Wetter or drier? Paleohydrological evidence from a 30-year resolution Holocene biomarker δD record from Moossee, Switzerland

    Autoren
    M. Prochnow, L. Danius, P. Strobel, F. Rey, L. Rittmeier, M. Zech, W. Tinner, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
    The hydrological cycle intensifies under global warming, causing humid areas to become wetter. However, rising temperatures also amplify seasonal ecosystem dryness, complicating the link between temperature and hydroclimate. Such divergent mechanisms challenge generalizations like 'warm and wet' in paleoclimatology on a global scale. On a regional scale, knowledge about evapotranspiration in response to past warming and cooling is still limited, but highly relevant to understand future hydroclimate. Here, we analyse the hydrogen isotope composition (δD) of aquatic and terrestrial biomarkers in varved sediments from Moossee, Switzerland, covering the past 7300 years at a temporal resolution of 30 years. Based on a dual biomarker approach, we reconstruct evapotranspiration at Moossee. Our data suggests that cool and wet conditions repeatedly favored rising lake levels and advancing glaciers in the Alps but lowered treelines, e.g. at the onset of the Neoglacial, dated to ∼5.5 cal ka BP. In contrast, warmer periods like the Mid Holocene or the Roman Warm Period were associated with dryness. Short-term hydrological fluctuations are partly explained by volcanic and solar forcings. Aside from an increased risk of strong convective rainfall and floods, paleohydrology provides robust evidence that an intensified hydrological cycle under global warming will substantially favor summer drought in Central Europe.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00027545Externer Link

  6. Pleistocene glacial geomorphology and chronology of the Nahuel Huapi-Limay and Traful catchments, northern Patagonia

    Autoren
    I. Mizerit, E. Morabito, F. Bechis, C. Terrizzano, A. Groos, G. Rugel, S. Merchel, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Geomorphology: an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00025293Externer Link

  7. A Late Glacial and Holocene sugar biomarker-based δ¹⁸O paleoclimate record from the Afro-alpine Central Lake, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia

    Autoren
    S. Chernet, L. Bittner, G. Gil-Romera, B. Lemma, M. Bliedtner, R. Zech, B. Glaser, T. Bromm, S. Szidat, W. Zech, M. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Global and planetary change: a daughter journal of palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology
    The Eastern African region is an amalgamation of complex climate systems nestled in contrasting topographic barriers. Although rift basins are prime targets for studying the climate of the past, high-altitude climate archives in the context of paleoclimate research also offer invaluable insight and have yet to be fully explored. Here, we present a 17 kyr hydroclimate history of the Afro-alpine (4121 m a.s.l) Central Lake using a δ¹⁸O record established by analyzing hemicellulose-derived sugar biomarkers. The sugar biomarker patterns with a dominance of fucose indicate the predominance of autochthonous sedimentary organic matter. Therefore, the oxygen isotopic variability of the sugar biomarkers in general and of fucose in particular (δ¹⁸Ofucₒsₑ) reflects δ¹⁸Olₐkₑ wₐtₑr being controlled by climatic conditions, particularly lake water ¹⁸O enrichment by evaporation. Our δ¹⁸Ofucₒsₑ record from Central Lake indicates strong enrichment during the Late Glacial. Around 15 cal kyr BP, the onset of more humid climate marks the beginning of the African Humid Period (AHP) in the Bale Mountains. The AHP was interrupted by an arid period during the Late Glacial – Holocene transition roughly coinciding with the Younger Dryas (YD). After the YD, humid climatic conditions prevailed again until the Late Holocene when a gradual shift towards drier climate started. Our δ¹⁸Ofucₒsₑ record and interpretation agree well with the findings from adjacent low-altitude archives of Eastern Africa, the Indian Ocean paleoclimate records and the Asian Monsoon Domain, which suggests region-wide hydro-climatic teleconnections.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00026113Externer Link

  8. Comparing recent and buried Chernozems/Phaeozems in Central Germany: Soil transformation and human impact since 3.8 ka

    Autoren
    H. von Suchodoletz, B. Schneider, A. Skokan, T. Nitz, B. Glaser, S. Polivka, K. Wiedner, F. Schlütz, T. Schunke, P. Kühn
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00026016Externer Link

  9. Paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, and human impact over the last 400 years based on lipid biomarkers from Lake Höglwörth, Germany

    Autoren
    S. Acharya, P. Strobel, M. Prochnow, S. Taut, M. Zech, A. Schwalb, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Quaternary Science Advances
    Lipid biomarkers are valuable proxies for reconstructing paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes as well as human impact. However, little attention has been paid on evaluating how the combination of biomarkers can be used to reconstruct various aspects of local paleoenvironmental conditions. This study presents a suite of lipid biomarker records from a sediment core from Lake Höglwörth, southern Germany, covering the past 400 years. Compound-specific hydrogen isotopic compositions (δD) of terrestrial n-alkanes (n-C₂₉₋ₐlkₐnₑ) and n-alkanoic acids (n-C₃₀₋ₐcid) indicate minor changes in isotopic composition of precipitation. The δD of n-C₂₂₋ₐcid is interpreted to record the isotopic composition of the lake water and evaporative enrichment, which drops after 1700 CE, coinciding with the construction of a mill and the related rerouting of a creek into Lake Höglwörth. The δD of n-C₂₅₋ₐlkₐnₑ is also enriched but decoupled from the reconstructed isotopic composition of precipitation and lake water. Therefore, we suggest that δD of n-C₂₅₋ₐlkₐnₑ reflects the leaf water isotopic composition of Sphagnum, which is present in the catchment and undergoes transpirative enrichment. Both short-chain compounds have become more enriched over the last century, maybe related to increasing temperature associated with anthropogenic climate warming. The faecal biomarkers record the changes in human population, partly related to the history of the local Monastery, the World Wars I and II as well as the intensive farming after the mid-20th century. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) reveal a significant change in combustion activities associated with human activities such as the industrial revolution, biomass burning, and environmental cleanup as well as the implementation of emission standards. Our study demonstrates that the combination of plant wax compounds, faecal biomarkers, and PAHs from lacustrine sediment serves as a valuable tool to reconstruct and distinguish various aspects of paleoclimate and paleoenvironmental changes including human impacts.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00016348Externer Link

  10. Late Glacial summer paleohydrology across Central Europe

    Autoren
    M. Prochnow, J. Hepp, P. Strobel, R. Zech, S. Acharya, S. Szidat, D. Rius, L. Millet, B. Glaser, M. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Scientific reports
    It is generally accepted that a weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation caused the Younger Dryas cooling. Although the role of seasonality was emphasized previously, this aspect is rarely considered yet, and it remains elusive how this impacted hydroclimate during winters and summers across Central Europe. Here, we coupled biomarker-based δ¹⁸O and δ²H from Bergsee in southern Germany to reconstruct deuterium excess as a proxy for evaporation history from the Bølling-Allerød to the Preboreal. We compared this dataset with other biomarker isotope records in Central Europe. They are all lacking a strong isotopic depletion during the Younger Dryas, which is best explained by the summer sensitivity of the biomarker proxies: As Younger Dryas summers were relatively warm, there is an absence of the strong winter cooling signals recorded in annual water isotope records like Greenland or Lake Steißlingen. Lake evaporation at Bergsee together with other paleohydrological reconstructions draw a coherent picture of the Late Glacial hydroclimate, with strong evidence for warm and dry Younger Dryas summers. Rather than a southward shift of the Westerlies during winter, we suggest that a recently proposed feedback mechanism between North Atlantic sea ice extend, strong winter cooling and summer atmospheric blocking serves as a suitable explanation for summer dryness. Additional confidence to the robustness of these biomarker records is provided by the overall agreement of paleohydrological fluctuations during the Preboreal.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00018882Externer Link

  11. Paleohydrology and human driven paleoproductivity during the Late Holocene from Schliersee, Bavaria

    Autoren
    M. Prochnow, K. Dulias, P. Strobel, M. Bliedtner, G. Daut, S. Szidat, G. Salazar, F. Lechleitner, S. Acharya, R. Martínez-Abarca, A. Schwarz, A. Schwalb, R. Zech
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
    Understanding Holocene hydroclimatic variability in the European Alps is challenging due to spatial and temporal disparities between the northern and southern Alps. In addition, interpreting lake sediment records in terms of paleohydrology is complicated by human presence during Roman and Medieval settlements, which increased soil erosion and lake eutrophication. Here, we present a ∼4440-year long sediment record from Schliersee, Bavaria, where we applied compound-specific δ²H on leaf waxes, geochemical and diatom analyses to reconstruct hydrology and lake productivity. The terrestrial δ²Hn₋C₃₁ records the isotopic composition of precipitation and is similar to leaf wax δ²H from Lake Ghirla, southern Alps, and δ¹⁸O from Spannagel cave in Austria. This provides evidence that, on millennial time scales, changes in moisture sources associated with shifts in the position of the Westerlies are one potential explanation regarding the isotope signals across the region. However, doubts remain whether the North Atlantic Oscillation as a winter signal can explain variations in summer-sensitive biomarker δ²H records. The aquatic δ²Hn₋C₂₅ records the isotopic composition of lake water and its isotopic offset to δ²Hn₋C₃₁ (Δₐq–tₑrr) is applied as a proxy for lake evaporation. We find increased evaporation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly in line with a drought reported from tree-ring studies, whereas lower evaporation prevailed during the Little Ice Age, likely due to solar forcing. Lake productivity was higher during the Roman period and Middle Ages, concomitant with land use resulting in higher nutrient inputs into the lake. The intensified use of industrial fertilizers and the drainage of untreated wastewater after the Second World War caused eutrophication during the 1950s. Despite its paleoclimatic significance, this study emphasizes that multi-proxy approaches combining assemblages of geochemical and biological proxies allow robust reconstructions of climate–landscape interactions and human impact.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00017932Externer Link

  12. North Atlantic Oscillation polarity during the past 3000 years derived from sediments of a large lowland lake, Schweriner See, in NE Germany

    Autoren
    M. Adolph, S. Czerwiński, M. Dreßler, P. Strobel, M. Bliedtner, S. Lorenz, M. Debret, T. Haberzettl
    Erscheinungsjahr
    Erschienen in:
    Climate of the past: CP
    Based on a multi-dating and multi-proxy approach, we reconstruct Late Holocene environmental changes derived from sediments of Schweriner See, a large lowland lake in NE Germany, covering the past 3070⁺¹⁷⁰/₋₂₁₀ years cal BP. We infer variations in large-scale atmospheric circulation systems by combining in-lake productivity indicators obtained from traditional and high-resolution techniques (e.g. LOI₅₅₀, TOC, inc / coh), diatom assemblages, and compound-specific hydrogen isotopes (δ²HC₂₅). Before 105⁺⁹⁵/₋₇₅ cal BP (∼1850 CE), changes in productivity and the occurrence or disappearance of the diatom species Stephanocostis chantaicus reflect winter temperature variability, while variations in the compound-specific hydrogen isotopes suggest changes in the moisture source region. We observe distinct variations between (i) milder winter temperatures with a moisture source region in the southern-central North Atlantic and (ii) colder winter temperatures with a moisture source in the northern North Atlantic and/or Arctic regions. Such distinct variations in winter temperature and moisture source region are mainly modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This affects, among others, westerly wind strength and pathways and, thereby, winter temperature and moisture source region for northern central Europe. Besides these long-term shifts in atmospheric conditions, short-term variations in titanium can be linked to lake-level variability, most likely influenced by changes in precipitation and/or evaporation, and after the 12th century to anthropogenic impacts. Since 105⁺⁹⁵/₋₇₅ cal BP (∼1850 CE), productivity has been driven predominantly by nutrient availability related to anthropogenic activities masking the hydroclimatic signal.
    Universitätsbibliographie Jena:
    fsu_mods_00017336Externer Link
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